Frontiers in Earth Science 是一本地球科学领域跨学科的开放获取学术期刊，备受全球地球科学领域研究者的支持与肯定。期刊最新影响因子为 2.0。该期刊出版的研究成果经过严格同行评审，旨在增强我们对地球的物理化学性质及其演化过程的理解，以应对重大的环境挑战并推动地球科学领域发展。
科睿唯安 ESI 全球高被引论文是指在 Web of Science 中按领域和出版年份排名前1%的论文。这些数据来源于科睿唯安基本科学指标（ESI）。
我们整理了近年发表在 Frontiers in Earth Science 的原创研究，从被评为科睿唯安 ESI 全球高被引论文的文章中精选出 8 篇，以飨读者。以下为此 8 篇研究导读原文：
利用三种数据驱动技术对中国西北部黄土高原滑坡易发性制图——以黄河中游地区为例
Landslide susceptibility mapping in the Loess Plateau of northwest China using three data-driven techniques- a case study from middle Yellow River catchment
Accurate landslide susceptibility maps are relevant for stakeholders to take effective measures and perform land use planning.
The present research aims at using three data-driven approaches to generate landslide susceptibility map for the middle Yellow River catchment (northwest China) and comparing their performances, including the weighted information value (WIV), where the IV model was integrated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the support vector machine (SVM) and the random forest (RF) models.
A landslide inventory map including 684 historical landslides was generated first by visual interpretation of remote sensing images combined with a field survey. A total of 14 thematic layers were applied to serve as the landslides influencing factors. The Pearson correlation coefficient analyzed the correlation among these factors, and the C5.0 decision tree algorithm determined the factor importance.
The results demonstrated the correlation between every two factors were all less than 0.5. Three factors (including distance to road, distance to river, and slope) were the most important contributions to the landslide occurrences in the region, whereas five factors (including NDWI, plan curvature, profile curvature, surface roughness, and aspect) had minor importance. All the models predict that most of the historical landslides are identified in moderate and high susceptibility areas. For the prediction percentage of landslides in high susceptibility areas, both SVM and RF models exceed 70%.
The RF model represented the best performance, with high susceptibility zones accounting for 21.9% and landslide numbers accounting for 90.5%. The comparison among the receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the accuracy was higher in the RF model than in the other two models: the area under the curve (AUC) for the RF was 0.904, whereas that for the WIV and the SVM were 0.845 and 0.847, respectively. Hence, the RF was proven suitable for assessing the landslide susceptibility in the region. Current results can provide valuable references for future studies and landslide risk mitigation strategies.
原文链接👇
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1033085/full?utm_source=chnweb&utm_medium=social&utm_content=FEART02&utm_campaign=chnweb
冻融循环作用下砂岩损伤演化的临界减速特性及早期预警模型研究
Study on critical slowdown characteristics and early warning model of damage evolution of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles
Freeze–thaw damage of rock mass poses a great threat to the safety of rock engineering, ground buildings, and low-temperature storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in cold regions.
By collecting acoustic emission (AE) signals of sandstone during uniaxial compression failures, this paper analyzed the critical slowdown phenomenon of different types of sandstone during the freeze–thaw failure. According to the auto-correlation coefficients and the variance of AE signals under different windows and steps, the precursors were determined and a warning model of rock engineering failure precursors based on the critical slowdown principle was proposed.
Then the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm was used to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the back propagation (BP) neural network, and the influence factors of rock engineering failure under different working conditions were input as training sets to train the network.
The results showed that the correlation coefficients between the predicted value and real value of the GWO-BP neural network reached 99.90% and 98.81% respectively, indicating that the accuracy of the BP neural network prediction was improved. This study provides a new method for rock engineering failure early warning, and has great theoretical and guiding significance for enriching and improving the rock mass AE monitoring technology.
原文链接👇
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1006642/full?utm_source=chnweb&utm_medium=social&utm_content=FEART03&utm_campaign=chnweb
四川盆地南部长宁地区龙马溪组海相页岩的孔隙结构及分形特征研究
Pore structure and fractal characteristics of the marine shale of the longmaxi formation in the changning area, Southern Sichuan Basin, China
The pore structure is an important factor affecting reservoir capacity and shale gas production. The shale reservoir of the Longmaxi Formation in the Changning area, Southern Sichuan Basin, is highly heterogeneous and has a complex pore structure. To quantitatively characterize the shale’s pore structure and influencing factors, based on whole rock X-ray diffraction, argon ion polishing electron microscopy observations, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments, the characteristics of the shale pore structure are studied by using the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) model.
The research reveals the following: 1) The pores of the Longmaxi Formation shale mainly include organic pores, intergranular pores, dissolution pores and microfractures. The pore size is mainly micro-mesoporous. Both ink bottle-type pores and semiclosed slit-type pores with good openness exist, but mainly ink bottle-type pores are observed. 2) The pore structure of the Longmaxi Formation shale has self-similarity, conforms to the fractal law, and shows double fractal characteristics. Taking the relative pressure of 0.45 (P/P(0) = 0.45) as the boundary, the surface fractal dimension D(sf) and the structural fractal dimension D(st) are defined. D(sf) is between 2.3215 and 2.6117, and the structural fractal dimension D(st) is between 2.8424 and 2.9016. The pore structure of micropores and mesopores is more complex. 3) The mineral components and organic matter
have obvious control over the fractal dimension of shale, and samples from different wells show certain differences.
The fractal dimension has a good positive correlation with the quartz content but an obvious negative correlation with clay minerals. The higher the total organic carbon content is, the higher the degree of thermal evolution, the more complex the pore structure of shale, and the larger the fractal dimension. The results have guiding significance for the characterization of pore structure of tight rocks.
原文链接👇
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1018274/full?utm_source=chnweb&utm_medium=social&utm_content=FEART04&utm_campaign=chnweb
软土地层中顶管穿越锚索群的施工技术及力学效应
Construction technologies and mechanical effects of the pipe-jacking crossing anchor-cable group in soft stratum
In this study, an open-cut approach using steel-sheet piles and jet grouting piles for waterproofing was proposed to resolve the problem that ordinary pipe-jacking equipment cannot cross areas with existing anchor cables in soft stratum. The case history of a pipe-jacking project of a sewage treatment plant in the Jinan East Railway Station area was investigated. The mechanical properties of steel-sheet piles, horizontal displacement of piles, and ground surface settlement in the anchor-cable crossing area were investigated based on in situ observations.
Numerical investigations were performed using the finite element method (FEM). The effects of existing anchor cables on the mechanical behaviors of retaining structures, deformation variation of the ground, and stability of the excavation were studied. The results indicate that the composite supporting structures of steel-sheet piles and jet grouting piles have a positive effect on waterproofing and deformation control in areas with existing anchor cables.
When the steel-sheet pile touched the anchor cable during pile jacking, the compressive stress at the pile cap increased rapidly until it reached 62.8 MPa (the maximum pressure provided by the pile-pressing machine), which is twice the pressure under ordinary conditions. The maximum horizontal displacement of the retaining pile, δ(v), increased linearly with the excavation depth H(e). Existing anchor structures behind the excavation can restrain the deformation of the ground and retain the structure to a certain extent. The δ(v) value of the pile with existing anchor structures behind is 6.5 mm or approximately 0.01% of the H(e) value, which is 70% of that of the retaining pile without existing anchor structures. “Groove type” ground surface settlements are found on both sides of the excavation. The maximum ground settlements δ(h) are 0.29% H(e) and 0.05% H(e), respectively.
The plastic zone at both sides of the excavation bottom extends to the ground surface with an angle of about 45°. When an excavation fails, the plastic zone range in the ground with existing anchor cables is significantly larger than it is in the ground without anchor cables. The key contribution of this research is to provide an effective and low-budget treatment for pipe-jacking crossing through an anchor-cable group region. The findings from this study also provide industry practitioners with a comprehensive guide regarding the specific applications and mechanical performance of the crossing excavation for obstacle treatment.
原文链接👇
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1019801/full?utm_source=chnweb&utm_medium=social&utm_content=FEART05&utm_campaign=chnweb
贝壳粉体对重金属离子Pb²⁺/Cd²⁺的吸附机制及其对污染土壤的净化效率
Adsorption mechanism of shell powders on heavy metal ions Pb²⁺/Cd²⁺ and the purification efficiency for contaminated soils
The adsorption capacity of oyster shell powders (SPs) and the adsorption mechanism of heavy metal ions (HMs; i.e., cadmium ions Cd(2+) and lead ions Pb(2+)) on SPs are discussed by means of adsorption kinetics tests, adsorption-desorption tests, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The influences of seepage velocity, heavy metal types, and SP addition amount/concentration on the adsorption effect of SPs in the treatment of HMs in laterite as well as quartz sand were analyzed. Studies have shown that i) the adsorption of HMs SPs can be divided into three stages, i.e., the surface adsorption stage, the internal pore diffusion stage, and the equilibrium stage; ii) with the increase in seepage velocity, the effluent concentration of HMs will slightly increase, and the residual amounts at each section of the column generally decrease rapidly with the increase in migration distance; iii) the increase in the concentration of SP solution provides more adsorption points for the adsorption of HMs, and finally, the amount of HMs desorbed from quartz sand is reduced, which also reduces the concentration of HMs in the effluent. Overall, SPs possess high purification efficiency for the HMs of contaminated soils.
原文链接👇
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1071228/full?utm_source=chnweb&utm_medium=social&utm_content=FEART06&utm_campaign=chnweb
基于孔隙尺度SPH模拟推导非饱和多孔介质的有效热导率
The Effective Thermal Conductivity of Unsaturated Porous Media Deduced by Pore-Scale SPH Simulation
The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was employed to simulate the heat transfer process in porous media at the pore scale. The effective thermal conductivity of a porous medium can be predicted through a simulation experiment of SPH.
The accuracy of the SPH simulation experiment was verified by comparing the predicted values with reference values for ideal homogeneous media and multiphase layered media. 3D simulation experiments were implemented in granular media generated by the PFC method. Based on the SPH framework, a concise method was proposed to produce unsaturated media by simulating the wetting process in dry media.
This approach approximates the formation of liquid bridges and water films on granules. Through simulation experiments, the empirical formula of the variation in thermal conductivity with the degree of saturation was tested.
The results showed that the reciprocal of the normalized thermal conductivity and the reciprocal of the saturation are linearly related, which is in line with the empirical formula proposed by Cote and Konrad.
原文链接👇
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.943853/full?utm_source=chnweb&utm_medium=social&utm_content=FEART07&utm_campaign=chnweb
既有地铁车站上覆深基坑结构的力学响应及参数分析——以北京地铁车站扩建工程为例
Mechanical response and parametric analysis of a deep excavation structure overlying an existing subway station: A case study of the Beijing subway station expansion
The existing Beijing Pingguoyuan Subway Station was extended through a extension project. The excavation for the extension was located directly above the existing station.
Complex interactions exist between the existing structure and the retaining pile wall of the excavation. Based on this project, three-dimensional finite element models were established to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the embedded and non-embedded retaining pile walls. A parametric analysis was performed for both types of pile walls.
The stress and deformation characteristics of the retaining pile walls and existing structures were analyzed. The results show that when the bottom of the non-embedded retaining pile walls are connected to the existing structure, the uplift of the existing structure is essentially constant; however, the maximum displacementof the pile is increased by approximately 2.7 times, and the bending moment of the pile is reduced to 57.1% of the connection condition.
As the distance between the embedded retaining pile wall and the existing station increases, the uplift of the existing station increases linearly, whereas the soil between the pile and the station exhibits a non-linear increasing trend.
The displacement of the embedded retaining pile wall increases as the inner force decreases. When the distance is greater than 4.7 m, the displacement and force of the pile remains essentially unchanged. The effect of the pile embedded depth on the force and deformation of the pile is mainly observed in the lower part of the pile. As the embedded depth increases, the maximum displacement decreases by approximately 16.9%, the maximum bending moment decreases, and the maximum negative bending moment increases.
The key contribution of this research is to provide a prediction method for the mechanical behaviors of a expansion project. The findings from the study also provide industry practitioners with a comprehensive guide regarding the specific applications of the construction technology of a deep excavation structure overlying an existing subway station.
原文链接👇
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1079837/full?utm_source=chnweb&utm_medium=social&utm_content=FEART08&utm_campaign=chnweb
一种基于层次分析法和模糊综合评价法的煤矿冲击地压预测方法
A Prediction Method of Coal Burst Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Coal burst has become a worldwide problem that needs to be solved urgently for the sake of coal mine safety production due to its complicated triggering mechanisms and numerous influencing factors. The risk assessment of coal burst disasters is particularly critical. In this work, 15 factors affecting coal burst occurrence are selected from the perspectives of geodynamic environment and geological and mining conditions, and the influence mechanism of each factor on coal bursts is analyzed.
An evaluation index system of coal burst risk is put forward. Ahierarchical model of coal burst prediction is established, and the weight of each influencing factor to coal burst risk is calculated. Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a coal burst prediction model is established, which can scientifically decompose and simplify the complicated problem and make coal burst prediction and prevention more pertinent and effective.
The model is applied to assess the coal burst risk level of a coal mine in Shanxi Province, and the evaluation result is consistent with practical situations. This method considers the influencing factors comprehensively and determines the weight of each factor scientifically compared with other forecasting methods.
原文链接👇
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.834958/full?utm_source=chnweb&utm_medium=social&utm_content=FEART09&utm_campaign=chnweb
Frontiers in Earth Science 是瑞士出版社 Frontiers 旗下一本地球科学领域跨学科的开放获取学术期刊，备受全球地球科学领域研究者的支持与肯定。期刊最新影响因子为 2.0。该期刊出版的研究成果经过严格同行评审，旨在增强我们对地球的物理化学性质及其演化过程的理解，以应对重大的环境挑战并推动地球科学领域发展。
随后，Frontiers 首席执行官兼联合创始人 Kamila Markram 博士在致辞中提到，Frontiers 致力于推动开放科学的可持续发展，而此次会面也正值 Frontiers 中国办公室成立五周年之际，这份协议的签署标志着双方在开放获取领域的合作迈出了第一步，希望未来能够共同探索更多元、更深层次的合作模式，为开放获取和开放科学做出更大贡献。她表示：“我们非常荣幸能与国家科技图书文献中心建立这一战略合作伙伴关系。我们希望通过提供多样化的合作选项和支持开放获取出版，最终能为实现健康地球的健康生活提供解决方案。中国在全球科学创新中发挥着关键作用，本次合作标志着实现这一使命的重要一步。”
